Published by Pearson (March 29, 2017) © 2017

Michael Shuler | Fikret Kargi | Matthew DeLisa
    VitalSource eTextbook (Lifetime access)
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    ISBN-13: 9780132901413

    Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts ,3rd edition

    Language: English

    The Leading Introduction to Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Updated with Key Advances in Productivity, Innovation, and Safety

     

    Bioprocess Engineering, Third Edition, is an extensive update of the world’s leading introductory textbook on biochemical and bioprocess engineering and reflects key advances in productivity, innovation, and safety.

     

    The authors review relevant fundamentals of biochemistry, microbiology, and molecular biology, including enzymes, cell functions and growth, major metabolic pathways, alteration of cellular information, and other key topics. They then introduce evolving biological tools for manipulating cell biology more effectively and to reduce costs of bioprocesses.

     

    This edition presents major advances in the production of biologicals; highly productive techniques for making heterologous proteins; new commercial applications for both animal and plant cell cultures; key improvements in recombinant DNA microbe engineering; techniques for more consistent authentic post-translational processing of proteins; and other advanced topics. It includes new, improved, or expanded coverage of

    • The role of small RNAs as regulators
    • Transcription, translation, regulation, and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    • Cell-free processes, metabolic engineering, and protein engineering
    • Biofuels and energy, including coordinated enzyme systems, mixed-inhibition and enzyme-activation kinetics, and two-phase enzymatic reactions
    • Synthetic biology
    • The growing role of genomics and epigenomics Population balances and the Gompetz equation for batch growth and product formation
    • Microreactors for scale-up/scale-down, including rapid scale-up of vaccine production
    • The development of single-use technology in bioprocesses
    • Stem cell technology and utilization
    • Use of microfabrication, nanobiotechnology, and 3D printing techniques
    • Advances in animal and plant cell biotechnology

    The text makes extensive use of illustrations, examples, and problems, and contains references for further reading as well as a detailed appendix describing traditional bioprocesses.

     

    Register your product at informit.com/register for convenient access to downloads, updates, and corrections as they become available.

    Preface xvii

    About the Authors xxi

     

    Part 1: The Basics of Biology: An Engineer’s Perspective 1


    Chapter 1: What Is a Bioprocess Engineer? 1

    1.1 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2

    1.2 Differing Approaches to Research for Biologists and Engineers 3

    1.3 The Story of Penicillin: How Biologists and Engineers Work Together 4

    1.4 Bioprocesses: Regulatory Constraints 9

    Suggestions for Further Reading 11

    Questions 11

     

    Chapter 2: An Overview of Biological Basics 13

    2.1 Microbial Diversity 13

    2.2 Cell Construction 28

    2.3 Cell Nutrients 51

    2.4 Summary 56

    Suggestions for Further Reading 58

    Questions 58

     

    Chapter 3: Enzymes 61

    3.1 How Enzymes Work 62

    3.2 Enzyme Kinetics 63

    3.3 Immobilized Enzyme Systems 86

    3.4 Large-Scale Production of Enzymes 98

    3.5 Medical and Industrial Utilization of Enzymes 100

    3.6 Summary 103

    Suggestions for Further Reading 104

    Problems 104

     

    Chapter 4: How Cells Work 113

    4.1 The Central Dogma 114

    4.2 DNA Replication: Preserving and Propagating the Message 117

    4.3 Transcription: Sending the Message 119

    4.4 Translation: Going from Message to Product 123

    4.5 Metabolic Regulation 130

    4.6 How the Cell Senses its Extracellular Environment 135

    4.7 Summary 139

    4.8 Appendix: Example Regulation of Complex Pathways 140

    Suggestions for Further Reading 142

    Problems 143

     

    Chapter 5: Major Metabolic Pathways 145

    5.1 Bioenergetics 146

    5.2 Glucose Metabolism: Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle 149

    5.3 Respiration 152

    5.4 Control Sites in Aerobic Glucose Metabolism 154

    5.5 Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds 155

    5.6 Nitrogen Fixation 156

    5.7 Metabolism of Hydrocarbons 156

    5.8 Biodegradation of Xenobiotics 157

    5.9 Overview of Biosynthesis 158

    5.10 Overview of Anaerobic Metabolism 161

    5.11 Overview of Autotrophic Metabolism 163

    5.12 Summary 165

    Suggestions for Further Reading 166

    Questions 168

     

    Chapter 6: How Cells Grow 169

    6.1 Batch Growth 170

    6.2 Quantifying Growth Kinetics 191

    6.3 Cell Growth in Continuous Culture 208

    6.4 Summary 219

    Suggestions for Further Reading 219

    Problems 220

     

    Chapter 7: Stoichiometry of Microbial Growth and Product Formation 227

    7.1 Coefficients for ATP Consumption and Oxygen 227

    7.2 Stoichiometric Calculations 229

    7.3 Theoretical Predictions of Yield Coefficients 235

    7.4 Estimation of Elemental Cell Composition 236

    7.5 Stoichiometry by Oxidation-Reduction Half-Reactions 237

    7.6 Thermodynamics of Biological Reactions 240

    7.7 Summary 242

    Suggestions for Further Reading 242

    Problems 243

     

    Chapter 8: How Cellular Information Is Altered 247

    8.1 Evolving Desirable Biochemical Activities Through Mutation and Selection 247

    8.2 Natural Mechanisms for Gene Transfer and Rearrangement 252

    8.3 Genetically Engineering Cells 257

    8.4 Genomics 267

    8.5 Summary 272

    Suggestions for Further Reading 272

    Problems 273

     

    Part 2: Engineering Principles for Bioprocesses 275


    Chapter 9: Operating Considerations for Bioreactors for Suspension and Immobilized Cultures 275

    9.1 Choosing the Cultivation Method 276

    9.2 Modifying Batch and Continuous Reactors 278

    9.3 Immobilized Cell Systems 298

    9.4 Hybrid Bioreactors: Attached and Suspended Cells 311

    9.5 Solid-State Fermentations 313

    9.6 Summary 316

    Suggestions for Further Reading 317

    Problems 318

     

    Chapter 10: Selection, Scale-Up, Operation, and Control of Bioreactors 323

    10.1 Scale-Up and its Difficulties 323

    10.2 Bioreactor Instrumentation and Control 349

    10.3 Sterilization of Process Fluids 356

    10.4 Summary 364

    Suggestions for Further Reading 365

    Problems 366

     

    Chapter 11: Recovery and Purification of Products 371

    11.1 Strategies to Recover and Purify Products 371

    11.2 Separation of Insoluble Products 374

    11.3 Cell Disruption 382

    11.4 Separation of Soluble Products 385

    11.5 Finishing Steps for Purification 422

    11.6 Integration of Reaction and Separation 424

    11.7 Summary 426

    Suggestions for Further Reading 426

    Problems 427

     

    Chapter 12: Bioprocess Considerations in Using Animal Cell Cultures 431

    12.1 Structure and Biochemistry of Animal Cells 431

    12.2 Methods Used for the Cultivation of Animal Cells 434

    12.3 Bioreactor Considerations for Animal Cell Culture 443

    12.4 Bioreactor Systems for Animal Cell Culture 444

    12.5 Products of Animal Cell Cultures 447

    12.6 Summary 448

    Suggestions for Further Reading 449

    Problems 450

     

    Chapter 13: Bioprocess Considerations in Using Plant Cell Cultures 451

    13.1 Why Plant Cell Cultures? 451

    13.2 Plant Cells in Culture Compared to Microbes 457

    13.3 Bioreactor Considerations 461

    13.4 Economics of Plant Cell Tissue Cultures 467

    13.5 Summary 468

    Suggestions for Further Reading 468

    Problems 469

     

    Chapter 14: Utilizing Genetically Engineered Organisms 471

    14.1 How the Product Influences Process Decisions 471

    14.2 Guidelines for Choosing Host—Vector Systems 474

    14.3 Process Constraints: Genetic Instability 485

    14.4 Avoiding Process Problems in Plasmid Design 490

    14.5 Predicting Host—Vector Interactions and Genetic Instability 493

    14.6 Regulatory Constraints on Genetic Processes 503

    14.7 Metabolic Engineering 506

    14.8 Synthetic and Systems Biology 509

    14.9 Protein Engineering 511

    14.10 Summary 513

    Suggestions for Further Reading 514

    Problems 516

     

    Chapter 15: Medical Applications of Bioprocess Engineering 519

    15.1 Tissue Engineering 519

    15.2 Gene Therapy Using Viral Vectors 523

    15.3 Bioreactors 528

    15.4 Summary 531

    Suggestions for Further Reading 532

    Problems 532

     

    Chapter 16: Bioprocesses Utilizing Mixed Cultures 535

    16.1 Major Classes of Interactions in Mixed Cultures 536

    16.2 Simple Models Describing Mixed-Culture Interactions 539

    16.3 Mixed Cultures in Nature 545

    16.4 Industrial Utilization of Mixed Cultures 546

    16.5 Biological Waste Treatment 549

    16.6 Summary 572

    Suggestions for Further Reading 572

    Problems 573

     

    Appendix: Traditional Industrial Bioprocesses 577

    A.1 Anaerobic Bioprocesses 577

    A.2 Aerobic Processes 586

    A.3 Bioprocess Technologies: Biofuel and Bioenergy Production from Biomass 596

    Suggestions for Further Reading 600

     

    Index 601