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Published by Cisco Press (April 4, 2017) © 2017

Lukas Krattiger | Shyam Kapadia | David Jansen
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    ISBN-13: 9780134514925

    Building Data Centers with VXLAN BGP EVPN: A Cisco NX-OS Perspective ,1st edition

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    The complete guide to building and managing next-generation data center network fabrics with VXLAN and BGP EVPN


    This is the only comprehensive guide and deployment reference for building flexible data center network fabrics with VXLAN and BGP EVPN technologies. Writing for experienced network professionals, three leading Cisco experts address everything from standards and protocols to functions, configurations, and operations.


    The authors first explain why and how data center fabrics are evolving, and introduce Cisco’s fabric journey. Next, they review key switch roles, essential data center network fabric terminology, and core concepts such as network attributes, control plane details, and the associated data plane encapsulation.


    Building on this foundation, they provide a deep dive into fabric semantics, efficient creation and addressing of the underlay, multi-tenancy, control and data plane interaction, forwarding flows, external interconnectivity, and service appliance deployments. You’ll find detailed tutorials, descriptions, and packet flows that can easily be adapted to accommodate customized deployments. This guide concludes with a full section on fabric management, introducing multiple opportunities to simplify, automate, and orchestrate data center network fabrics.


    • Learn how changing data center requirements have driven the evolution to overlays, evolved control planes, and VXLAN BGP EVPN spine-leaf fabrics
    • Discover why VXLAN BGP EVPN fabrics are so scalable, resilient, and elastic
    • Implement enhanced unicast and multicast forwarding of tenant traffic over the VXLAN BGP EVPN fabric
    • Build fabric underlays to efficiently transport uni- and multi-destination traffic
    • Connect the fabric externally via Layer 3 (VRF-Lite, LISP, MPLS L3VPN) and Layer 2 (VPC)
    • Choose your most appropriate Multi-POD, multifabric, and Data Center Interconnect (DCI) options
    • Integrate Layer 4-7 services into the fabric, including load balancers and firewalls
    • Manage fabrics with POAP-based day-0 provisioning, incremental day 0.5 configuration, overlay day-1 configuration, or day-2 operations
        Introduction xv
    Chapter 1 Introduction to Programmable Fabric 1
        Today’s Data Center Challenges and Requirements 2
        The Data Center Fabric Journey 3
        Cisco Open Programmable Fabric 10
            Fabric-Related Terminology 13
        Data Center Network Fabric Properties 14
            Server or Endpoint Connectivity Options 15
        Summary 17
        References 17
    Chapter 2 VXLAN BGP EVPN Basics 21
        Overlays 23
        Introduction to VXLAN 27
            VXLAN Flood and Learn (F&L) 30
        Introduction to BGP EVPN with VXLAN 32
            MP-BGP Features and Common Practices 34
            IETF Standards and RFCs 37
            Host and Subnet Route Distribution 40
        Host Deletion and Move Events 46
        Summary 48
        References 49
    Chapter 3 VXLAN/EVPN Forwarding Characteristics 53
        Multidestination Traffic 54
            Leveraging Multicast Replication in the Underlying Network 55
            Using Ingress Replication 58
        VXLAN BGP EVPN Enhancements 60
            ARP Suppression 60
            Distributed IP Anycast Gateway 65
            Integrated Route and Bridge (IRB) 69
            Endpoint Mobility 73
            Virtual PortChannel (vPC) in VXLAN BGP EVPN 76
            DHCP 81
        Summary 85
        References 85
    Chapter 4 The Underlay 87
        Underlay Considerations 88
            MTU Considerations 91
            IP Addressing 93
        IP Unicast Routing 99
            OSPF as an Underlay 100
            IS-IS as an Underlay 102
            BGP as an Underlay 103
            IP Unicast Routing Summary 106
        Multidestination Traffic 107
            Unicast Mode 107
            Multicast Mode 109
            PIM Any Source Multicast (ASM) 112
            BiDirectional PIM (PIM BiDir) 114
        Summary 119
        References 119
    Chapter 5 Multitenancy 121
        Bridge Domains 123
        VLANs in VXLAN 124
        Layer 2 Multitenancy: Mode of Operation 129
            VLAN-Oriented Mode 130
            BD-Oriented Mode 131
        VRF in VXLAN BGP EVPN 132
        Layer 3 Multitenancy: Mode of Operation 134
        Summary 137
        References 138
    Chapter 6 Unicast Forwarding 139
        Intra-Subnet Unicast Forwarding (Bridging) 139
        Non-IP Forwarding (Bridging) 147
        Inter-Subnet Unicast Forwarding (Routing) 149
            Routed Traffic to Silent Endpoints 158
        Forwarding with Dual-Homed Endpoint 164
        IPv6 167
        Summary 169
    Chapter 7 Multicast Forwarding 171
        Layer 2 Multicast Forwarding 171
            IGMP in VXLAN BGP EVPN Networks 174
        Layer 2 Multicast Forwarding in vPC 178
        Layer 3 Multicast Forwarding 182
        Summary 184
        References 184
    Chapter 8 External Connectivity 185
        External Connectivity Placement 185
            External Layer 3 Connectivity 189
            U-Shaped and Full-Mesh Models 190
            VRF Lite/Inter-AS Option A 192
            LISP 195
            MPLS Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN) 200
            External Layer 2 Connectivity 203
        Classic Ethernet and vPC 204
        Extranet and Shared Services 206
            Local/Distributed VRF Route Leaking 207
            Downstream VNI Assignment 210
        Summary 212
        Reference 212
    Chapter 9 Multi-Pod, Multifabric, and Data Center Interconnect (DCI) 213
        Contrasting OTV and VXLAN 213
        Multi-Pod 219
            Interconnection at the Spine Layer 227
            Interconnection at the Leaf Layer 227
    Multifabric 228
            Inter-pod/Interfabric 231
            Interfabric Option 1: Multi-Pod 232
            Interfabric Option 2: Multifabric 233
            Interfabric Option 3 (Multisite for Layer 3) 235
            Interfabric Option 4 (Multisite for Layer 2) 236
        Summary 238
        References 238
    Chapter 10 Layer 4—7 Services Integration 241
        Firewalls in a VXLAN BGP EVPN Network 242
            Routing Mode 242
            Bridging Mode 244
            Firewall Redundancy with Static Routing 245
            Static Route Tracking at a Service Leaf 248
            Static Routing at a Remote Leaf 248
            Physical Connectivity 249
        Inter-Tenant/Tenant-Edge Firewall 250
            Services-Edge Design 254
            Intra-Tenant Firewalls 254
            Mixing Intra-Tenant and Inter-Tenant Firewalls 260
        Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Load Balancer in a VXLAN BGP
            EVPN Network 262
            One-Armed Source-NAT 262
            Direct VIP Subnet Approach 263
            Indirect VIP Subnet Approach 264
            Return Traffic 265
            Service Chaining: Firewall and Load Balancer 267
        Summary 271
        References 271
    Chapter 11 Introduction to Fabric Management 273
        Day-0 Operations: Automatic Fabric Bring-Up 275
            In-Band Versus Out-of-Band POAP 276
            Other Day-0 Considerations 278
        Day-0.5 Operations: Incremental Changes 279
        Day-1 Operations: Overlay Services Management 280
        Virtual Topology System (VTS) 282
        Nexus Fabric Manager (NFM) 282
        Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) 283
            Compute Integration 283
            Day-2 Operations: Monitoring and Visibility 285
        VXLAN OAM (NGOAM) 294
        Summary 299
        References 299
    Appendix A VXLAN BGP EVPN Implementation Options 303
    9781587144677, TOC, 3/16/17
        
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