Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1   The Growth of Modern Statistics

1.2   Sources of Statistical Data

1.3   The Nature of Statistical Data

Chapter 2: Summarizing Data: Listing and Grouping

2.1   Listing Numerical Data

2.2   Stem-and-Leaf Displays

2.3   Frequency Distribution

2.4   Graphical Presentations

2.5   Summarizing Two-Variable Data

Chapter 3: Summarizing Data: Measures of Location

3.1   Population and Samples

3.2   The Mean

3.3   The Weighted Mean

3.4   The Median

3.5   Other Fractiles

3.6   The Mode

3.7   The Description of Grouped Data

3.8   Technical Note (Summations)

Chapter 4: Summarizing Data: Measures of Variation

4.1   The Range

4.2   The Standard Deviation and the Variance

4.3   Applications of the Standard Deviation

4.4   The Description of Grouped Data

4.5   Some Further Descriptions

Chapter 5: Possibilities and Probabilities

5.1   Counting

5.2   Permutations

5.3   Combinations

5.4   Probability

Chapter 6: Some Rules of Probability

6.1   Samples Spaces and Events

6.2   The Postulates of Probability

6.3   Probabilities and Odds

6.4   Addition Rules

6.5   Conditional Probability

6.6   Multiplication Rules

6.7   Bayes’ Theorem

Chapter 7: Expectations and Decisions

7.1   Mathematical Expectation

7.2   Decision Making

7.3   Statistical Decision Problems

Chapter 8: Probability Distributions

8.1   Random Variables

8.2   Probability Distributions

8.3   The Binomial Distribution

8.4   The Hypergeometric Distribution

8.5   The Poisson Distribution

8.6   The Multinomial Distribution

8.7   The Mean of a Probability Distribution

8.8   The Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution

Chapter 9: The Normal Distribution

9.1   Continuous Distributions

9.2   The Normal Distribution

9.3   A Check for Normality

9.4   Applications of the Normal Distribution

9.5   The Normal Approximation to the Binomial

Chapter 10: Sampling and Sampling Distributions

10.1 Random Sampling

10.2 Sample Designs

10.3 Systematic Sampling

10.4 Stratified Sampling

10.5 Cluster Sampling

10.6 Sampling Distributions

10.7 The Standard Error of the Mean

10.8 The Central Limit Theorem

10.9 Some Further Considerations

10.10    Technical Note (Simulation)

Chapter 11: Problems of Estimation

11.1 The Estimation of Means

11.2 The Estimation of Means

11.3 The Estimation of Standard Deviations

11.4 The Estimation of Proportions

Chapter 12: Tests of Hypotheses: Means

12.1 Tests of Hypotheses

12.2 Significance Tests

12.3 Tests Concerning Means

12.4 Tests Concerning Means ( unknown)

12.5 Differences Between Means

12.6 Differences Between Means ( unknown)

12.7 Difference Between Means (Paired data)

Chapter 13: Tests of Hypotheses: Standard Deviations

13.1 Tests Concerning Standard Deviations

13.2 Tests Concerning Two Standard Deviations

Chapter 14: Tests of Hypotheses Based on Count Data

14.1 Tests Concerning Proportions

14.2 Tests Concerning Proportions (Large Samples)

14.3 Differences Between Proportions

14.4 The Analysis of r x c Table

14.5 Goodness of Fit

Chapter 15: Analysis of Vari