1 Learning About Life

 CHAPTER THREAD

Swimming with the Turtles  

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY A Passion for Life

The Scientific Study of Life

An Overview of the Process of Science

Hypotheses, Theories, and Facts   

Controlled Experiments  

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Do Baby Turtles Swim?  

Evaluating Scientific Claims

The Properties of Life

Major Themes in Biology

The Relationship of Structure to Function

Information Flow  

Pathways That Transform Energy and Matter

Interactions within Biological Systems  

Evolution   

EVOLUTION CONNECTION Turtles in the Tree of Life

UNIT 1 CELLS

2 Essential Chemistry for Biology   

 CHAPTER THREAD

Helpful Radiation  

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Nuclear Medicine   

Some Basic Chemistry   

Matter: Elements and Compounds   

Atoms

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE How Effective Is Radiation in Treating Prostate Cancer?

Chemical Bonding and Molecules

Chemical Reactions  

Water and Life

Water  

Acids, Bases, and pH 

EVOLUTION CONNECTION Radioactivity as an Evolutionary Clock  

3 The Molecules of Life    

 CHAPTER THREAD

Lactose Intolerance   

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Got Lactose?

Organic Compounds  

Carbon Chemistry

Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks

Large Biological Molecules  

Carbohydrates

Lipids 

Proteins  

Nucleic Acids 

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Does Lactose Intolerance Have a Genetic Basis?    

EVOLUTION CONNECTION The Evolution of Lactose Intolerance in Humans

4 A Tour of the Cell

 CHAPTER THREAD

Humans Versus Bacteria   

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Antibiotics: Drugs That Target Bacterial Cells

The Microscopic World of Cells   

The Two Major Categories of Cells

An Overview of Eukaryotic Cells

Membrane Structure

The Plasma Membrane   

Cell Surfaces  

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE How Was the First 21st-Century Antibiotic Discovered?

The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell   

The Nucleus

Ribosomes   

How DNA Directs Protein Production  

The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Golgi Apparatus  

Lysosomes   

Vacuoles   

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Providing Cellular Energy

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria  

The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement

Maintaining Cell Shape  

Flagella and Cilia   

EVOLUTION CONNECTION The Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Humans   

5 The Working Cell  

 CHAPTER THREAD

Nanotechnology

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Harnessing Cellular Structures   

Some Basic Energy Concepts

Conservation of Energy

Heat  

Chemical Energy   

Food Calories 

ATP and Cellular Work

The Structure of ATP 

Phosphate Transfer  

The ATP Cycle  

Enzymes

Activation Energy

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Can Enzymes Be Engineered?   

Enzyme Activity

Enzyme Inhibitors

Membrane Function

Passive Transport: Diffusion across Membranes &n